Larangan Alih Fungsi Hutan Mangrove dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Keywords:
mangrove, larangan alih fungsi, pesisir.Abstract
Hutan mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis penting sebagai pelindung pesisir, penyimpan
karbon biru, serta penopang kehidupan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat, namun tekanan terhadap
keberadaannya semakin meningkat akibat pembangunan pesisir, tambak, pariwisata, dan
reklamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji larangan alih fungsi hutan mangrove dalam
hukum positif Indonesia termasuk memahami konstruksi normatif, mekanisme perizinan,
serta instrumen pencegahan dan penegakan hukum yang diberlakukan terhadap kegiatan
yang berpotensi merusak ekosistem mangrove dengan menggunakan metode penelitian
hukum normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan
konseptual. Analisis dilakukan terhadap berbagai instrumen hukum, termasuk UU
Kehutanan, UU PPLH, UU Pesisir, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, serta regulasi turunannya
seperti PP 27/2025 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove dan
Perpres 120/2020 tentang BRGM termasuk memahami konstruksi normatif, mekanisme
perizinan, serta instrumen pencegahan dan penegakan hukum yang diberlakukan terhadap
kegiatan yang berpotensi merusak ekosistem mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka hukum komprehensif yang menempatkan
mangrove sebagai kawasan strategis yang wajib dilindungi, dengan mekanisme ketat terkait
AMDAL, persetujuan lingkungan, zonasi pesisir, hingga adanya sanksi yang tegas. Namun
efektivitasnya masih terhambat oleh tumpang tindih regulasi, lemahnya pengawasan,
kepentingan ekonomi jangka pendek, serta rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat. Studi ini
menegaskan pentingnya harmonisasi kebijakan, penegakan hukum yang konsisten, dan
pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal, termasuk pengembangan alternatif ekonomi berbasis
mangrove untuk menekan eksploitasi. Dengan demikian, perlindungan mangrove hanya
dapat dicapai melalui pendekatan terpadu yang melibatkan pemerintah, masyarakat, dan
sektor swasta dalam satu kesatuan pengelolaan ekosistem pesisir yang berkelanjutan.
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